Adding old content "Install Mastodon without Docker (Ubuntu 20.04)" #1

content/tutorials/install-mastodon-without-docker-ubuntu-20-04/index.id.md

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+---
+title: "Install Mastodon Tanpa Docker (Ubuntu 20.04)"
+description: "Cara menginstal Mastodon beserta dependensi yang diperlukan seperti PostgreSQL, Ruby, dan NodeJS, meng-konfigurasi Mastodon dan SystemD service di Ubuntu 20.04."
+# linkTitle:
+date: 2022-12-10T04:35:14+07:00
+lastmod:
+draft: false
+noindex: false
+# comments: false
+nav_weight: 1000
+# nav_icon:
+#   vendor: bootstrap
+#   name: toggles
+#   color: '#e24d0e'
+series:
+#  - Tutorial
+categories:
+  - SysAdmin
+  - Self-Hosted
+tags:
+  - Mastodon
+  - PostgreSQL
+  - Ruby
+  - Nginx
+images:
+# menu:
+#   main:
+#     weight: 100
+#     params:
+#       icon:
+#         vendor: bs
+#         name: book
+#         color: '#e24d0e'
+authors:
+  - ditatompel
+---
+
+
+**Mastodon** adalah *software* media sosial (seperti **Twitter**) yang sifatnya *free* dan *open-source*. Keunikan dari Mastodon adalah terdesentralisasi, banyak orang menginstall Mastodon dan masing-masing installasi Mastodon (yang bisa kita sebut *node* atau *instance*) dapat saling berkomunikasi dan dapat memiliki syarat dan ketentuan, kebijakan privasinya masing-masing.
+
+Artikel ini membahas mengenai cara menginstal Mastodon di Ubuntu 20.04 beserta dependensi yang diperlukan seperti **PostgreSQL**, **Ruby**, dan **NodeJS**, meng-konfigurasi Mastodon dan **SystemD** *service* supaya dapat *auto-start* setelah server booting. 
+
+<!--more-->
+
+Catatan: saya menggunakan *self-signed* SSL *certificate* karena *instance* yang akan saya jalankan akan berada dibalik **Cloudflare** *reverse proxy*.
+
+Video **asciinema** saat proses installasi dan konfigurasi Mastodon dapat dilihat dibawah ini:
+
+<script id="asciicast-14" src="https://asciinema.ditatompel.com/a/14.js" async></script>
+
+Atau full YouTube Video:
+{{< youtube eBUr7JFiGMo >}}
+
+
+## Pre-requisites
+Sebelum memulai, ada beberapa syarat yang harus dipenuhi untuk dapat menjalankan Mastodon, yaitu:
+
+* Ubuntu Server 20.04 (*fresh*) dengan akses `root`.
+* Sebuah domain (atau sub-domain) untuk Mastodon *instance* (dalam hal ini saya menggunakan domain `vr4.me` dan *instance* Mastodon nantinya akan dapat diakses melalui `https://social.vr4.me`).
+* SMTP server untuk pengiriman email.
+
+
+## Menyiapkan Sistem
+Pertama, pastikan server Ubuntu yang digunakan sudah *up-to-date*:
+
+```bash
+apt update && apt upgrade
+```
+
+Install `curl`, `wget`, `gnupg`, `apt-transport-https`, `lsb-release` dan `ca-certificates`:
+
+```bash
+apt install -y curl wget gnupg apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates
+```
+
+Install `NodeJS 16`:
+
+```bash
+curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | bash -
+```
+
+Gunakan repositori *official* **PostgreSQL**:
+
+```bash
+wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/postgresql.asc https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc
+echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/postgresql.asc] http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/postgresql.list
+```
+Update dan install *system package* yang dibutuhkan:
+
+```bash
+apt update
+apt install -y \
+  imagemagick ffmpeg libpq-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev file git-core \
+  g++ libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler pkg-config nodejs gcc autoconf \
+  bison build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev \
+  zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev \
+  nginx redis-server redis-tools postgresql postgresql-contrib \
+  certbot python3-certbot-nginx libidn11-dev libicu-dev libjemalloc-dev
+```
+
+Aktifkan fitur **NodeJS** `corepack` dan set versi **Yarn** ke `classic`:
+
+```bash
+corepack enable
+yarn set version classic
+```
+
+Install **Ruby** dengan `rbenv`.
+
+> **Catatan**: `rbenv` harus diinstall melalui *single Linux user*, maka kita perlu membuat linux user yang nantinya *service* Mastodon akan berjalan atas user tersebut. (di artikel ini kita akan buat user `mastodon`) :
+
+```bash
+adduser --disabled-login mastodon
+```
+
+Kemudian, login sebagai `mastodon` user:
+
+```bash
+su - mastodon
+```
+
+Dan sebagai `mastodon` user, install `rbenv` dan `rbenv-build`:
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv.git ~/.rbenv
+cd ~/.rbenv && src/configure && make -C src
+echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
+echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
+exec bash
+git clone https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build
+```
+
+Setelah proses setup **Ruby** *environment* selesai, baru kita dapat menginstall versi Ruby dan `bundler` yang diperlukan:
+
+```bash
+RUBY_CONFIGURE_OPTS=--with-jemalloc rbenv install 3.0.4
+rbenv global 3.0.4
+gem install bundler --no-document
+```
+
+kemudian kembali sebagai `root` user untuk melakukan setting PostgreSQL.
+
+```bash
+exit
+```
+
+### Setting PostgreSQL
+Untuk performa yang optimal, kita bisa menggunakan [**pgTune**](https://pgtune.leopard.in.ua/) untuk *menggenerate* konfigurasi sesuai *resource* server kita. Edit `/etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf` dan masukkan setting rekomendasi dari situs **pgTune** diatas sebelum merestart *service* PostgreSQL dengan perintah `systemctl restart postgresql`.
+
+Sekarang, buat PostgreSQL user yang nantinya akan digukakan. Hal paling mudah adalah menggunakan **ident authentication** menggunakan user yang sama dengan linux username `mastodon`.
+
+Bukan *promt* PostgreSQL:
+
+```bash
+sudo -u postgres psql
+```
+
+pada command *promt* `psql`, jalankan perintah berikut:
+
+```sql
+CREATE USER mastodon CREATEDB;
+\q
+```
+
+Sampai disini, kebutuhan sistem utama sudah siap, saatnya untuk melanjuktan ke tahap berikutnya yaitu mensetup Mastodon dan *dependency-nya*.
+
+## Setting Mastodon
+
+Login sebagai `mastodon` user dan download *source code* Mastodon menggunakan `git` (pilih `stable` *release*):
+
+```bash
+su - mastodon
+git clone https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon.git live && cd live
+git checkout $(git tag -l | grep -v 'rc[0-9]*$' | sort -V | tail -n 1)
+```
+
+Install Ruby and JavaScript *dependencies* untuk aplikasi Mastodon:
+
+```bash
+bundle config deployment 'true'
+bundle config without 'development test'
+bundle install -j$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)
+yarn install --pure-lockfile
+```
+
+jalankan Mastodon *interactive setup wizard*:
+
+```bash
+RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake mastodon:setup
+```
+
+Perintah diatas akan :
+* Membuat konfigurasi file (`.env.production`)
+* Menjalankan *pre-compilation asset* website
+* Membuat skema database
+
+Di kasus saya, saya ingin Mastodon dapat diakses melalui `https://social.vr4.me`, tetapi tetap menggunakan *main* domain `vr4.me` sebagai identitas usernya (`@ditatompel@vr4.me`, dan **bukan** `@ditatompel@social.vr4.me`). 
+
+Agar hal tersebut dapat dicapai, saya perlu menambahkan konfigurasi `WEB_DOMAIN=social.vr4.me` dan mengubah *value* dari `LOCAL_DOMAIN` menjadi `vr4.me` di file konfigurasi mastodon (`.env.production`). Silahkan kunjungi halaman [dokumentasi konfigurasi](https://docs.joinmastodon.org/admin/config/) untuk informasi lebih detail.
+
+Setelah konfigurasi Mastodon dirasa sudah benar, kita bisa kembali sebagai user `root`:
+
+```bash
+exit
+```
+
+## Setting Nginx
+Copy sample konfigurasi Nginx yang ada di repositori Mastodon:
+
+```bash
+cp /home/mastodon/live/dist/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/mastodon
+ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/mastodon /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/mastodon
+```
+
+kemudian edit `/etc/nginx/sites-available/mastodon` dan ubah `example.com` ke domain yang digunakan (dalam kasus ini `social.vr4.me`).
+
+Seperti yang sudah saya informasikan sebelumnya, *instance* Mastodon yang saya jalankan akan berada dibalik Cloudflare *reverse proxy* sehingga saya hanya akan menggunakan *self-signed certificate*.
+
+Jika Anda ingin menggunakan **Certbot** untuk mendapatkan SSL certificate:
+
+```bash
+systemctl reload nginx
+certbot --nginx -d social.vr4.me
+```
+
+Ubah `social.vr4.me` dengan nama domain Anda.
+
+## Setting Mastodon SystemD Service
+
+Copy template `systemd service` dari repositori Mastodon ke `/etc/system/systemd`:
+
+```bash
+cp /home/mastodon/live/dist/mastodon-*.service /etc/systemd/system/
+```
+
+kemudian *start* dan *enable* Mastodon *services*:
+
+```bash
+systemctl daemon-reload
+systemctl enable --now mastodon-web mastodon-sidekiq mastodon-streaming
+```
+
+Tunggu beberapa menit dan coba akses Mastodon dari web broser dan selamat menikmati!
+
+## Resources
+* [https://docs.joinmastodon.org/admin/install/](https://docs.joinmastodon.org/admin/install/)

content/tutorials/install-mastodon-without-docker-ubuntu-20-04/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+---
+title: "Install Mastodon without Docker (Ubuntu 20.04)"
+description: "Snippet for running Mastodon instance (Twitter alternative) on Ubuntu 20.04 from source."
+# linkTitle:
+date: 2022-12-10T04:35:14+07:00
+lastmod:
+draft: false
+noindex: false
+# comments: false
+nav_weight: 1000
+# nav_icon:
+#   vendor: bootstrap
+#   name: toggles
+#   color: '#e24d0e'
+series:
+#  - Tutorial
+categories:
+  - SysAdmin
+  - Self-Hosted
+tags:
+  - Mastodon
+  - PostgreSQL
+  - Ruby
+  - Nginx
+images:
+# menu:
+#   main:
+#     weight: 100
+#     params:
+#       icon:
+#         vendor: bs
+#         name: book
+#         color: '#e24d0e'
+authors:
+  - ditatompel
+---
+
+**Mastodon** is free and *open-source* software for running *self-hosted* social networking services. It has microblogging features similar to the **Twitter** service, which are offered by a large number of independently run nodes, known as **instances**, each with its own code of conduct, terms of service, privacy policy, privacy options, and moderation policies.
+
+<!--more-->
+
+This article is my personal snippet for running Mastodon instance on Ubuntu 20.04 from source. I use *self-signed* certificate instead of **cerbot** because the instance will be run behind **Cloudflare** reverse proxy.
+
+The **asciinema** video below is the whole process I install Mastodon instance (for reference)
+
+<script id="asciicast-14" src="https://asciinema.ditatompel.com/a/14.js" async></script>
+
+Or the whole YouTube video:
+
+{{< youtube eBUr7JFiGMo >}}
+
+## Pre-requisites
+Before starting, there are several things that need to be fulfilled:
+- Fresh Ubuntu `20.04` server with root access.
+- Domain name (or sub-domain) for the Mastodon instance (in this case I'm using `vr4.me` and the Mastodon instance will be accessed from `https://social.vr4.me`.
+- SMTP Server for email delivery service.
+
+## Preparing the system
+First, make sure the Ubuntu server we're using is up to date.
+```shell
+apt update && apt upgrade
+```
+
+Install `curl`, `wget`, `gnupg`, `apt-transport-https`, `lsb-release` and `ca-certificates`:
+```shell
+apt install -y curl wget gnupg apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates
+```
+
+Install `NodeJS 16`:
+```shell
+curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_16.x | bash -
+```
+
+Use **official PostgreSQL** repository:
+```shell
+wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/postgresql.asc https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc
+echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/postgresql.asc] http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/postgresql.list
+```
+
+Update and install required system package:
+```shell
+apt update
+apt install -y \
+  imagemagick ffmpeg libpq-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev file git-core \
+  g++ libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler pkg-config nodejs gcc autoconf \
+  bison build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6-dev \
+  zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm-dev \
+  nginx redis-server redis-tools postgresql postgresql-contrib \
+  certbot python3-certbot-nginx libidn11-dev libicu-dev libjemalloc-dev
+```
+
+Enable **NodeJS** `corepack` feature and set **Yarn** version to `classic`:
+```shell
+corepack enable
+yarn set version classic
+```
+
+Install **Ruby** with `rbenv`.
+> _Note that `rbenv` must be installed for a **single Linux user**, therefore, first we must create linux user where Mastodon services will be running as (we'll create `mastodon` user):_
+```shell
+adduser --disabled-login mastodon
+```
+
+Then switch to mastodon user:
+```shell
+su - mastodon
+```
+
+And as `mastodon` user, proceed to install `rbenv` and `rbenv-build`:
+```shell
+git clone https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv.git ~/.rbenv
+cd ~/.rbenv && src/configure && make -C src
+echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
+echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
+exec bash
+git clone https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build
+```
+
+Once Ruby environment setup is done, we can than install the required Ruby version and `bundler`:
+```shell
+RUBY_CONFIGURE_OPTS=--with-jemalloc rbenv install 3.0.4
+rbenv global 3.0.4
+gem install bundler --no-document
+```
+
+Return to the root user:
+```shell
+exit
+```
+
+## Setting up PostgreSQL
+For optimal performance, you may use [pgTune](https://pgtune.leopard.in.ua/) to generate an appropriate configuration and edit values in `/etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf` before restarting PostgreSQL with `systemctl restart postgresql`.
+
+Now, create a PostgreSQL user that Mastodon service could use. The easiest way is with `ident` authentication so the PostgreSQL user does not have a separate password and can be used by the Linux user with the same username.
+
+Open PostgreSQL prompt:
+```shell
+sudo -u postgres psql
+```
+
+In the `psql` prompt, execute:
+```sql
+CREATE USER mastodon CREATEDB;
+\q
+```
+
+The core system requirement is now ready, now we can move forward to setting up Mastodon instance along with it's dependency.
+
+## Setting up Mastodon
+It is time to download the Mastodon code. Switch to the `mastodon` user:
+```shell
+su - mastodon
+```
+
+Use `git` to download the latest `stable` release of Mastodon:
+```shell
+git clone https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon.git live && cd live
+git checkout $(git tag -l | grep -v 'rc[0-9]*$' | sort -V | tail -n 1)
+```
+
+Install Ruby and JavaScript dependencies for Mastodon code:
+```shell
+bundle config deployment 'true'
+bundle config without 'development test'
+bundle install -j$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)
+yarn install --pure-lockfile
+```
+
+Run the interactive setup wizard:
+```shell
+RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake mastodon:setup
+```
+The command above will be:
+- Create a configuration file
+- Run asset pre-compilation
+- Create the database schema
+
+The configuration file is saved as `.env.production`.
+
+In my case, I want Mastodon instance can be accessed from `https://social.vr4.me` but use my main domain identity to serve `@ditatompel@vr4.me` (instead of `@ditatompel@social.vr4.me`) So I need to change `LOCAL_DOMAIN` configuration value to `vr4.me` and add `WEB_DOMAIN=social.vr4.me` in the `.env.production` file configuration. Please refer to [documentation on configuration](https://docs.joinmastodon.org/admin/config/) for more detailed information.
+
+When done with the configuration we can switch back to `root` user:
+```shell
+exit
+```
+
+## Setting up Nginx
+Copy the Nginx configuration template that comes from Mastodon repository:
+```shell
+cp /home/mastodon/live/dist/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/mastodon
+ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/mastodon /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/mastodon
+```
+
+Then edit `/etc/nginx/sites-available/mastodon` and replace `example.com` to our domain name (in my case `social.vr4.me`).
+
+As I said before, the instance will be serve behind **Cloudflare** reverse proxy and I don't want to use **certbot** to issue my SSL certificate. So I use my own *self-signed* certificate.
+
+If you want to use certbot to issue the SSL certificate:
+
+```shell
+systemctl reload nginx
+## Replace social.vr4.me with your domain name.
+certbot --nginx -d social.vr4.me
+```
+
+## Setting up Mastodon systemd services
+Copy the `systemd` service templates from the Mastodon directory to `/etc/system/systemd` directory:
+```shell
+cp /home/mastodon/live/dist/mastodon-*.service /etc/systemd/system/
+```
+
+Finally, start and enable Mastodon services:
+```shell
+systemctl daemon-reload
+systemctl enable --now mastodon-web mastodon-sidekiq mastodon-streaming
+```
+Wait for a few minutes and try to access your instance from your web browser, and enjoy your *self-hosted* Twitter alternative!
+
+If you want to join my instance, please do so : [https://social.vr4.me/invite/G2BtoAfD](https://social.vr4.me/invite/G2BtoAfD). The data stored somewhere in Indonesia.
+
+## Resources
+- [https://docs.joinmastodon.org/admin/install/](https://docs.joinmastodon.org/admin/install/)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+