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Added new article: "Install virt-manager on Arch Linux"
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---
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title: Cara Install Virt-Manager (Libvirt GUI) di Arch Linux
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description: Tutorial cara instalasi Virt-Manager, sebuah libvirt GUI untuk mempermudah kita dalam melakukan manajemen mesin virtualiasi atau emulator (KVM/QEMU) di komputer kita.
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summary: Tutorial cara instalasi Virt-Manager, sebuah libvirt GUI untuk mempermudah kita dalam melakukan manajemen mesin virtualiasi atau emulator (KVM/QEMU) di komputer kita.
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date: 2024-09-11T03:08:45+07:00
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lastmod:
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draft: false
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noindex: false
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nav_weight: 1000
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categories:
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- Self-Hosted
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- SysAdmin
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tags:
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- KVM
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- libvirt
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- QEMU
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images:
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authors:
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- ditatompel
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---
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Saya sudah beberapa kali menulis artikel yang berhubungan dengan
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[**KVM**][kvm_web]/[**QEMU**][qemu_web] dan [**Virt-Manager**][virtmanager_web],
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tapi saya belum punya tulisan tentang bagaimana cara menginstall dan
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mengkonfigurasi Virt-Manager di Arch Linux. Maka ijinkan saya untuk
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mendokumentasikannya disini.
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**Virt-Manager** adalah GUI untuk `libvirt` yang dapat mempermudah kita dalam
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melakukan manajemen mesin virtualiasi/emulator di komputer kita.
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## Pengantar: Antara KVM dan QEMU
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Sebelum memulai dan agar lebih memahami opsi apa saja yang nantinya bisa
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digunakan di _virt-manager_, saya ingin sedikit membahas mengenai **KVM**
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dan **QEMU**. Banyak orang beranggapan bahwa KVM dan QEMU adalah suatu hal
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yang sama. Hal ini tidak benar.
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**KVM merupakan _full-virtualization_** dimana dia menggunakan _hardware_ untuk
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teknologi virtualisasinya. Agar dapat menggunakan tekologi KVM, CPU Anda harus
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mensupport virtualisasi (dalam hal ini `Intel VT-x` untuk prosesor **Intel**
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dan `AMD-V` untuk prosesor **AMD**).
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Sedangkan **QEMU merupakan sebuah emulator**. Dia dapat melaukan emulasi sistem
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secara penuh meskipun _hardware_ yang Anda miliki tidak mensupport virtualiasi.
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QEMU dapat melakukan emulasi perangkat seperti _storage_, _network device_,
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dan lain-lain. Dia juga dapat melakukan emulasi ke arsitektur CPU yang berbeda,
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misalnya: host `x86_64` melakukan emulasi arsitektur ARM pada
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_guest virtual machine_-nya.
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Jika dilihat dari sisi performa, KVM jauh lebih unggul dibandingkan QEMU karena
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KVM langsung menggunakan hardware. KVM juga sangat optimal untuk virtualiasi
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sistem Linux dan menyediakan manajemen sumber daya yang lebih baik daripada
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QEMU.
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Dari segi kompatibilitas, QEMU lebih unggul karena dia dapat melakukan emulasi
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ke banyak arsitektur CPU, emulasi ke perangkat seperti _storage_, _network_,
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_display adapter_, dan lain-lain. QEMU juga tidak memerlukan hardware yang
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mensupport teknologi virtualiasi untuk menjalankannya.
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Untuk melakukan pengecekan apakah CPU yang Anda gunakan mensupport virtualisasi
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dapat menggunakan perintah:
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```shell
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lscpu | grep Virtualization
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```
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Jika perintah diatas tidak menghasilkan output apapun, maka Anda hanya dapat
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menggunakan QEMU.
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Jika CPU Anda mensupport virtualiasi Anda dapat menggunakan KVM+QEMU yang
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mengkombinasikan akselerasi hardware serta virtualiasi CPU dan RAM secara penuh.
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> **Catatan**: Kebanyakan CPU _mid-range_ hingga _high-end_ yang diproduksi 10
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> tahun terakhir seharusnya mensupport virtualisasi. Jika dari pengecekan
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> `lscpu` diatas tidak menghasilkan apapun, silahkan cek konfigurasi BIOS dan
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> mengaktifkan fitur tersebut.
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## Instalasi Software Yang Dibutuhkan
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Pertama, install `libvirt`, `dnsmasq`, `qemu-desktop` dan `virt-manager`:
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```shell
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sudo pacman -S libvirt dnsmasq qemu-desktop virt-manager
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```
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Disini, `dnsmasq` diperlukan untuk konektifitas jaringan untuk guest (DHCP).
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Sedangkan `qemu-desktop` diperlukan untuk desktop GUI.
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Jika Anda hanya menjalankan _virtual machine_ secara _headless_, Anda bisa
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mengganti `qemu-desktop` dengan `qemu-base`. Baik `qemu-base` dan
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`qemu-desktop` hanya support emulasi `x86_64`. jika Anda akan menggunakan
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arsitektur seperti ARM di _virtual machine_, Anda perlu menginstall
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`qemu-emulators-full`.
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## Konfigurasi Hak Akses
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Supaya user biasa dapat menggunakan `virt-manager`, tambahkan user Anda ke
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group `libvirt` dengan perintah :
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```shell
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sudo usermod -aG libvirt <username_anda>
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```
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Kemudian ubah atau tambahkan konfigurasi berikut ke `/etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf`:
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```plain
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unix_sock_group = "libvirt"
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unix_sock_ro_perms = "0770"
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```
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konfigurasi diatas mengubah kepemilikan **libvirt UNIX socket** ke group
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`libvirt` dan mereka yang berada di dalam group `libvirt` dapat melakukan
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_read_ maupun _write_.
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## Menggunakan Virt-Manager
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Sebelum menjalankan GUI (`virt-manager`), jalankan `libvirtd` dengan perintah:
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```shell
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sudo systemctl start libvirtd
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```
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Hal ini supaya kita dapat menggunakan QEMU/KVM tidak pada **user session**
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sehingga _guest machine_ nantinya dapat terkoneksi ke jaringan.
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{{< youtube Y01SwRqkX8I >}}
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Setelah _libvirt daemon_ berjalan, Anda bisa menjalankan `virt-manager` dan
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mulai menambahkan koneksi `QEMU/KVM`. Setelah itu cobalah membuat
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_virtual machine_ yang ingin dicoba. Jika mengalami kesulitan, mengikuti video
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yang saya sertakan diatas mungkin sedikit banyak dapat membantu.
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Untuk menjalankan Windows VM, Anda memerlukan `swtpm` dan mengkonfigurasi
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TPM hardware. Silahkan baca artikel saya sebelumnya:
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["Menjalankan Windows 11 VM (TPM dan Secure-Boot) di Linux"]({{< ref "/tutorials/run-windows-11-tpm-and-secure-boot-on-kvm" >}}).
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## Referensi
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- [KVM Arch Wiki][kvm_aw]
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- [QEMU Arch Wiki][qemu_aw]
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- [Virt-Manager Arch Wiki][virtmanager_aw]
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[kvm_web]: https://linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page "KVM Website"
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[kvm_aw]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/KVM "KVM Arch Wiki"
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[qemu_web]: https://www.qemu.org/ "QEMU Website"
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[qemu_aw]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/QEMU "QEMU Arch Wiki"
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[virtmanager_web]: https://virt-manager.org/ "Virt-Manager official website"
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[virtmanager_aw]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Virt-manager "Virt Manager Arch Wiki"
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@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
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---
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title: How to Install Virt-Manager (Libvirt GUI) on Arch Linux
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description: Tutorial on how to install Virt-Manager, a graphical user interface for libvirt that makes it easier for us to manage KVM/QEMU virtualization machines on our computers.
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summary: Tutorial on how to install Virt-Manager, a graphical user interface for libvirt that makes it easier for us to manage KVM/QEMU virtualization machines on our computers.
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# linkTitle:
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date: 2024-09-11T03:08:45+07:00
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lastmod:
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draft: false
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noindex: false
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# comments: false
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nav_weight: 1000
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categories:
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- Self-Hosted
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- SysAdmin
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tags:
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- KVM
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- libvirt
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- QEMU
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images:
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authors:
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- ditatompel
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---
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I have written several articles related to [**KVM**][kvm_web]/[**QEMU**][qemu_web]
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and [**Virt-Manager**][virtmanager_web], but I have not written about how to
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install and configure Virt-Manager on Arch Linux. This is a tutorial that will
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cover both aspects.
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**Virt-Manager** is a graphical user interface (GUI) for `libvirt` that makes
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it easier for us to manage virtualization machines or emulators on our
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computers.
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## Introduction: Between KVM and QEMU
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Before we begin and to better understand the options available in
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`virt-manager`, I would like to discuss a brief overview of KVM and QEMU.
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Many people assume that KVM and QEMU are one and the same thing. However,
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this is not true.
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**KVM is a full virtualization** technology that utilizes hardware for its
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virtualization capabilities. To use KVM, your CPU must support virtualization
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(in this case, `Intel VT-x` for **Intel processors** and `AMD-V` for
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**AMD processors**).
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On the other hand, **QEMU is an emulator**. It can emulate a complete system
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even if the hardware you have does not support virtualization. QEMU can emulate
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devices such as storage, network interfaces, and others. Moreover, it can also
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emulate different CPU architectures: for example, an `x86_64` host can emulate
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the `ARM` architecture on a guest virtual machine.
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In terms of performance, KVM is significantly superior to QEMU because it
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utilizes hardware directly. As such, KVM is very optimal for Linux system
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virtualization and provides better resource management than QEMU.
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In terms of compatibility, QEMU is superior due to its ability to emulate many
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CPU architectures, emulate devices such as storage, network, display adapters,
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and others. Additionally, QEMU does not require hardware that supports
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virtualization technology to run it.
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To verify whether the CPU you are using supports virtualization, you can use
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the command:
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```shell
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lscpu | grep Virtualization
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```
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If the command above produces no output, then you can only use QEMU. However,
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if your CPU does support virtualization, you can utilize KVM + QEMU, which
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combines hardware acceleration with full CPU and memory virtualization.
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> **Note:** Most mid-range to high-end CPUs manufactured within the last 10
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> years should support virtualization. If the `lscpu` check above does not
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> produce any output, please check your BIOS configuration and ensure that
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> the feature is enabled.
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## Required Software Installation
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First, install `libvirt`, `dnsmasq`, `qemu-desktop`, and `virt-manager` using
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the following command:
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```shell
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sudo pacman -S libvirt dnsmasq qemu-desktop virt-manager
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```
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Here, `dnsmasq` is necessary for guest network connectivity (DHCP).
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Additionally, `qemu-desktop` is required to enable GUI desktop support. If you
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plan to run virtual machines headless only, you can replace `qemu-desktop` with
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`qemu-base`. Note that both `qemu-base` and `qemu-desktop` are limited to
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`x86_64` emulation. However, if you intend to use architectures like ARM in
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your virtual machines, you will need to install the `qemu-emulators-full`
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package.
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## Access Rights Configuration
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To enable regular users to use `virt-manager`, add your user to the `libvirt`
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group using the following command:
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```shell
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sudo usermod -aG libvirt <your_username>
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```
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Next, modify or add the following configuration to `/etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf`:
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```plain
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unix_sock_group = "libvirt"
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unix_sock_ro_perms = "0770"
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```
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The above configuration sets the group access rights for
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**libvirt UNIX socket** to the `libvirt` group, allowing members of this group
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to perform read and write operations.
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## Using Virt-Manager
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Before running `virt-manager` in GUI mode, start the **libvirt daemon** using
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the following command:
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```shell
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sudo systemctl start libvirtd
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```
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This is necessary to enable QEMU/KVM operations outside of your **user session**
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and allow the guest machine to connect to the network later.
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{{< youtube Y01SwRqkX8I >}}
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Once the libvirt daemon is running, you can run `virt-manager` and begin adding
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QEMU/KVM connections. After that, try creating the virtual machine you want to
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test. If you encounter difficulties, referring to the video included above may
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provide some assistance.
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To run Windows VM, you will need `swtpm` and configure TPM. For more
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information, please refer to my previous article:
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["Running Windows 11 VM (TPM And Secure-Boot) On Linux"]({{< ref "/tutorials/run-windows-11-tpm-and-secure-boot-on-kvm" >}}).
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You can also use VirtIO-FS for [sharing data between the host and guest virtual machines]({{< ref "/tutorials/virt-manager-sharing-data-between-host-and-guests-libvirt-virtio-fs" >}}).
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## Resources
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- [KVM Arch Wiki][kvm_aw]
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- [QEMU Arch Wiki][qemu_aw]
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- [Virt-Manager Arch Wiki][virtmanager_aw]
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[kvm_web]: https://linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page "KVM Website"
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[kvm_aw]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/KVM "KVM Arch Wiki"
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[qemu_web]: https://www.qemu.org/ "QEMU Website"
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[qemu_aw]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/QEMU "QEMU Arch Wiki"
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[virtmanager_web]: https://virt-manager.org/ "Virt-Manager official website"
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[virtmanager_aw]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Virt-manager "Virt Manager Arch Wiki"
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